Happiness as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Workplace Spirituality and Job Satisfaction Among Nursing Staff
Keywords:
Spirituality, Happiness, Job Satisfaction, Workplace Spirituality, and Health Sector
Abstract
This paper investigates the mediating role of happiness between dimensions of workplace spirituality and job satisfaction within the context of Pakistan's healthcare sector, particularly among nursing professionals. Three scales were administered by employing a cross-sectional study design to a sample of 412 participants, and the analysis was conducted through Structural Equation Modeling. The result shows a significant mediating role of happiness in the relationship between workplace spirituality dimensions and job satisfaction.Moreover, this mediating role of happiness is partial in all cases. The study's findings emphasize the relevance of applying workplace spirituality concepts to raise nurses' happiness levels and offer insightful information about the relationship between organizational spirituality, happiness, and job satisfaction in the healthcare industry
References
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NUML International Journal of Business & Management, 10(1), 63-73.
Ghayas, M.M., & Abbas, M. (2021). Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: Evidence from the Banking Sector of
Istanbul. Reviews of Management Sciences, 3(1), 49-56.
Ghayas, M.M., & Bhutto, S.A. (2020). Workplace spirituality and turnover intention in the healthcare sector of Istanbul.
Reviews of Management Sciences, 2(1), 34-42.
Ghayas, M. M., Hussain, S., Hussain, Z. Shaheen A. (2022). Spirituality matters: A Structural analysis of workplace
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Ghayas M.M., Shaheen, A., Devi, A. (2021). Personality, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Reviews of
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exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Mónico, L.S., & Margaça, C. (2021). The workaholism phenomenon in portugal: dimensions and relations with
workplace spirituality. Religions, 12(10), 852-869.
O'Brien, M. E. (2001). The nurse's calling: A Christian spirituality of caring for the sick. Paulist Press.
Ozkara, S.E. (2015). Concept analysis of nurses’ happiness. Nurs Forum, 50(1), 55–62.
Pradhan, R. K., Jena, L. K., & Soto, C. M. (2017). Development and validation of workplace spirituality scale: An Indian
perspective. Business: Theory and Practice, 18(1), 43-53.
Rego, A., & Cunha, M.P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. Journal of
Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53-72.
Saeed, I., Khan, J., Zada, M., Ullah, R., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Contreras-Barraza, N. (2022). Towards examining the link
between workplace spirituality and workforce agility: exploring higher educational institutions. Psychology
research and behavior management, 15, 31–49.
Shaheen, A, & Ghayas M.M. (2022). Workplace Spirituality, Emotions, and Deviant Workplace Behavior, Reviews of
Management Sciences, 4(1),181-91.
Ule, P.A., Idemudia, S.A., & Wapaimi A. (2020). Workplace spirituality and employee’s engagement: an empirical
perspective on lecturers work behaviour. Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2, 37-
Vandenberghe, C. (2011). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an integrative model, Journal of
Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(3), 211-32.
Zaidi, H., Ghayas, M.M., Durrani, T.I. (2019). Impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction, RADS Journal of
Business Management, 1(1), 49-57.
in Karachi, Pakistan. RADS Journal of Business Management, 2(1), 48-58.
Agho, A.O., Price, J.L., & Mueller, C.W. (1992). Discriminant validity of measures of job satisfaction, positive affectivity
and negative affectivity. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 65(3), 185-195.
Amin, S., Situngkir, S., & Aira, D.M., (2021). Minimizing workplace deviant behaviors through workplace spirituality
and organizational commitment: A case study in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and
Business, 8(5), 1119-28.
Ashmos, D.P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management
Inquiry, 9(2), 134-45.
Bandari, R., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Rejeh, N., Montazeri, A., Zayeri, F., & Mirmohammadkhani, M. (2014). Psychometric
properties of the Persian version of the critical care family needs inventory. J Nurs Res, 22(4), 259–67.
Bandari, R., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Rejeh, N., Mirmohammadkhani, M., Vaismoradi, M., & Snelgrove, S.H. (2015).
Information and support needs of adult family members of patients in intensive care units: An Iranian perspective.
J Res Nurs, 20(5), 401–22.
Baskar, B., & Indradevi, R. (2020). Workplace spirituality and employee engagement: an empirical exploration in nongovernmental organizations. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(9), 8458-73.
Books, C., Coody, L.C., Kauffman, R., & Abraham, S. (2020). Night shift work and its health effects on nurses. The
health care manager, 39(3), 122-127.
Daniels, K., & Harris, C. (2000). Work, Psychological Well-being and Performance. Occupational Medicine, 50(5), 304–
309.
DiMaria, C.H., Peroni, C. & Sarracino, F. (2020). Happiness matters: productivity gains from subjective well-being.
Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(1), 139-160.
Doherty, R.W. (1997). The emotional contagion scale: A measure of individual differences. Journal of Nonverbal
Behavior, 21(2),131-54.
Fagley, N.S., & Adler, M.G. (2012). Appreciation: A spiritual path to finding value and meaning in the workplace.
Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 9(2),167-87.
Fredrickson, B.L., & Losada, M.F. (2005). Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing. American
Psychologist, 60, 678–686.
Ghayas, M.M. (2015). Impact of job satisfaction on organizational commitment in the pharmaceutical industry of Karachi.
NUML International Journal of Business & Management, 10(1), 63-73.
Ghayas, M.M., & Abbas, M. (2021). Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: Evidence from the Banking Sector of
Istanbul. Reviews of Management Sciences, 3(1), 49-56.
Ghayas, M.M., & Bhutto, S.A. (2020). Workplace spirituality and turnover intention in the healthcare sector of Istanbul.
Reviews of Management Sciences, 2(1), 34-42.
Ghayas, M. M., Hussain, S., Hussain, Z. Shaheen A. (2022). Spirituality matters: A Structural analysis of workplace
spirituality and its outcome. Market Forces, 17(2), 157-182.
Ghayas M.M., Shaheen, A., Devi, A. (2021). Personality, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Reviews of
Management Sciences, 3(2), 101-113.
Hussain, S., Hasnain, J., Hussain, Z., Badshah, M., Siddique, H., Fiske, C., & Pettit, A. (2018). Type of treatment
supporters in successful completion of tuberculosis treatment: A retrospective cohort study in Pakistan. The Open
Infectious Diseases Journal, 10, 37–42.
Hussain, S., & Hussain, Z. (2020). Workplace Spirituality and Turnover Intentions among the doctors working in private
hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross sectional study. British Journal of Medical & Health Sciences (BJMHS),
2(8), 402-407.
Iqbal, H., Riaz, K., Khan, K., & Hussainy, S.K. (2021). Impact of workplace spirituality on employee attitudes and
engagements, Pakistan Business Review, 23(1), 92-114.
Kinjerski, V.M., & Skrypnek, B.J. (2004). Defining spirit at work: Finding common ground, Journal of Organizational
Change Management, 17(1), 26-42.
Koenig, H. G. (2012). Spirituality and health research: Methods, measurements, statistics, and resources. Templeton
Foundation Press.
Kolodinsky, R.W. (2008). Workplace values and outcomes: Exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace
spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 465-480.
Mello, M.M., Frakes, M.D., Blumenkranz, E., Studdert, D.M. (2020). Malpractice liability and health care quality: A
review. Jama, 323(4),352-66.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A.J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An
exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Mónico, L.S., & Margaça, C. (2021). The workaholism phenomenon in portugal: dimensions and relations with
workplace spirituality. Religions, 12(10), 852-869.
O'Brien, M. E. (2001). The nurse's calling: A Christian spirituality of caring for the sick. Paulist Press.
Ozkara, S.E. (2015). Concept analysis of nurses’ happiness. Nurs Forum, 50(1), 55–62.
Pradhan, R. K., Jena, L. K., & Soto, C. M. (2017). Development and validation of workplace spirituality scale: An Indian
perspective. Business: Theory and Practice, 18(1), 43-53.
Rego, A., & Cunha, M.P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. Journal of
Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53-72.
Saeed, I., Khan, J., Zada, M., Ullah, R., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Contreras-Barraza, N. (2022). Towards examining the link
between workplace spirituality and workforce agility: exploring higher educational institutions. Psychology
research and behavior management, 15, 31–49.
Shaheen, A, & Ghayas M.M. (2022). Workplace Spirituality, Emotions, and Deviant Workplace Behavior, Reviews of
Management Sciences, 4(1),181-91.
Ule, P.A., Idemudia, S.A., & Wapaimi A. (2020). Workplace spirituality and employee’s engagement: an empirical
perspective on lecturers work behaviour. Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2, 37-
Vandenberghe, C. (2011). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an integrative model, Journal of
Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(3), 211-32.
Zaidi, H., Ghayas, M.M., Durrani, T.I. (2019). Impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction, RADS Journal of
Business Management, 1(1), 49-57.
Published
2023-12-31
How to Cite
Ghayas, M., Hussain, S., Khan, M., & Hussain, Z. (2023). Happiness as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Workplace Spirituality and Job Satisfaction Among Nursing Staff. Journal of Social Sciences and Media Studies, 7(2), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.58921/jossams.07.02.0300
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Articles
