Journal of Social Sciences and Media Studies

Impact of Democratic Leadership Style in Teachers Motivation & Classroom Teaching Environment for Quality Oriented Teaching at Secondary Schools of Balochistan Province

Abdul Baqi, Dr Noor Muhammad, Ali Murtaza Shah — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of democratic leadership styles on teachers’ motivation, classroom teaching and environment to enhance the teaching quality and its effectiveness at secondary school of Balochistan. The study was conducted through quantitative method and correlational design was used and data was collected through survey questionnaire, data was collected from121 teachers from secondary schools of four areas (Quetta, Gawadar, Lasbela and Turbat) Balochistan. Random sampling was used to collect the responses participants. The findings of the study revealed that impact of democratic leadership style on motivation of teachers and classroom teaching environment was explored that democratic leadership motivates the teachers to self-establish the skills and competencies for effective classroom teaching which enhance the performance of students and meet the standard of quality of education in the schools. Democratic leadership develops the attractive and friendly environment for teachers and students to maintain the standard and moral ofteacher and students in the institution and achieve the goals and objectives of education.
Key words: School Leadership, Democratic, Autocratic, Laissez-Fair, Teachers, Principal

Analysis of Head Teachers’ Training for Effective Leadership in SEF-Assisted Schools

Muhammad Azeem Abro, Azizullah Khaskheli, Syed Ali Murtaza Shah — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

The school head, the driving force behind a school’s triumph, reigns supreme in steering the ship towards academic brillianceand creating a nurturing haven for all students. The head teacher’s leadership skills set the tone for the staff’s performanceand the entire institution’s success. Head teacher plays a critical role in shaping a school’s destiny. The present research study will guide the stakeholders in planning and implementing better professional development programs in the future andaware all concerned stakeholders regarding head teachers role in schools. Present research study explored the effect of at training program on school principals’ performance after attending 13-day training program conducted by the Sindh Education Foundation (SEF), Government of Sindh. The study was mixed research so data was collected through both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was collected through a survey, a questionnaire and comparing the results of pre- and post-test and analyzing on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) V.25. While qualitative data was obtained through documents analysis (training manual and post-training feedback) and open-ended interview questions.The population of the study was all 160 SEF-assisted school principals of districts Hyderabad and Jamshoro. The sample of the research study was 50 school heads in which 25 males and 25 females participated in a training program held at Public School, Hyderabad. The purposive sampling technique was applied for data collection from the participants. The data was collected through the survey tool which was analyzed by using the software SPSS and used thematic analysis technique for interview questions responses. It was found that training programs help school heads to take their skills to the next level. Such programs can have a transformative impact on both academic supervision and administrative excellence of head teachers. As participants’ skills grow, they become more motivated and poised for creating a more supportive and successful school environment for all.

An Evaluation of the relationship between Human Resource Practices and Job Satisfaction among Young Adults Working in Private Office Settings in Karachi

Manal Fatima, Dr. Kaneez Fatima Mamdani — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

Organizations engage in human resource practices because they are people-centered, planned, voluntary, and unrestricted from the outside. The productive workforce cannot be achieved without the four main human resource practices as; pay for performance, training, promotion policy, and performance management. This study investigates the relationship between human resource practices and job satisfaction working in private office settings in Karachi. The data was gathered from sixtyseven employees belonging to writing, technology and design, marketing, technical, administrative, accountant, and management professions respectively. The data was collected through purposive sampling method from males and females working in 9 to 5 in private office jobs. The relationship between overall human resource practices and the determinants of HRPs with job satisfaction was examined in this study. The research findings show that the overall human resource practices had statistically positive significant relationship with job satisfaction. On the other hand, pay for performance, promotion policy, and performance management also shows statistically positive association with job satisfaction. However, training and job satisfaction had no significant association with one another. The study's limitations include potential selection bias due to purposive sampling, exclusion of certain employee levels, and reliance on questionnaires, impacting representativeness and response reliability

A Sociological Perspective of Socio-Economic Conditions of Youth in Sindh: A Case of Union Council Daro, District Sujawal

Naila Usman Siddiqui, Ahmed Raza Abbasi, Muhammad Kamil Lakho — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

The study aims to analyze the socio-economic conditions of youth in Sindh from a sociological point of view. Furthermore, the study also aims to bring youth problems into the mainstream of Pakistani society and make it a topic of discussion in academic and policymaking forums. This research is based on a mixed-method research design and conducted as a case of U.C Daro, District Sujawal. It is descriptive as well as exploratory in type. The survey method was used by employing a closed-ended questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The survey sample was 350respondents. The qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through the interview method and 5 interviews of social activists were conducted. The study reveals that there is enough need for the development and progress in U.C Darro. Especially, the youth of this union council needs socio-economic reforms. The facilities of education for the youth are not good. The economic opportunities for the youth are not available. The youth have entrepreneurship skills but do not have money to start their business. The majority of the youth do have awareness about the provincial government's youth development programs. The study has further revealed that civil society in the union council Darro is playing a positive role in the socio-economic development of young individuals. Youth still face challenges in the shape of unemployment, access to educational institutions, and adverse conditions of law and order.

Crafting Personal Brands on Social Media: A Study of Pakistani Fashion Influencers on Instagram

Syeda Mona Batool Taqvi, Sanobar Nadir, Dr. Raana Afzal — Mon, 29 Jul 2024 08:29:30 Pakistan Daylight Time

With the social media breakthrough and the emergence of numerous social media platforms, the notion of self-branding is now dominating society. Significantly, the concept of women's empowerment has touched a new height with the advancement of digital media. The new age of digital media has given the power to women to empower themselves as brands and market themselves utilizing social media tools. Although there are various studies about the influence and impact of social media on society and individuals and how they market themselves on these social media platforms, this research empirically investigates how lifestyle and fashion bloggers employ social media as a medium for self-branding with a focus on Instagram self-branding. By employing the content analysis method, the researchers have studied 65 Instagram feed posts of the top five female Pakistani Instagram-style bloggers of October 2022. The data analysis was conducted using a systematic coding scheme. The study reveals that the most popular fashion bloggers still adhere to hierarchical norms and conventional beauty standards. However, with the growing recognition of women's rights, social media has become avaluable platform for women to promote themselves and establish personal brands. Additionally, it was found that a substantial portion of fashion bloggers' followers are influenced by the bloggers' self-presentation, facilitated by technology, creating a relatable and emotional connection between them. Researchers explore the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for self-branding on social media

Effect of Animated Films on Ethical Standards and Social Behavior of Pakistani youth

Nasim Ishaq — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

Animated films are very impactful tool to attract viewers and delivers message more creatively. The genre has changed from imagery to moving movie due to computer aids. During the last few years, Pakistani film industry got another boost in the form of animated movies. As a modern genre, the world of animation movies offers unique aspect of high level of creativity and conceptualization to viewers. Drawing upon the theory of “cultivation” the study tends to measure the effect of the animated movies on the “ethical standards” and “social behavior” of the viewers. The objective of the current study is to examine how animated films have been used effectively to spread ethical norms and change the social attitude of viewers. For the purpose, a sample of 300 respondents, selected by purposive sampling was surveyed through a questionnaire developed on a five-point Likert scale. The study explored that it does not wholly replace other learning mediums but it canexplicitly work in the field of educating about ethics, science as well as science to viewers of all age groups. The study concludes that few Pakistani movies which are released under this genre have proven to be highly ethical and influencing behavior of viewers very positively regarding animal rights.

Constructive Feedback: A Key to Maximize Students’ Motivation towards Science at Secondary Level

Rabia Aslam, Najmonnisa Khan, Ushaque Ahmed — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

The study aimed to determine the effects of constructive feedback on students’ motivation toward chemistry subject across the treatment/control groups. A Quasi experimental research design was used. A purposive sampling technique was applied and 97 female students of grade IX from a public sector school were selected. The students' motivation was measured by using the Students' Motivation in Chemistry Questionnaire (SMCQ). The application of the constructive feedback exhibited a significant effect on learners' motivation in the subject of Chemistry, encompassing all five dimensions. Based on these findings, it is suggested the integration of the constructive feedback becomes an integral component of daily assessment practices within the Chemistry domain. Additionally, educators are advised to incorporate constructive feedback strategiesinto classroom settings nationwide. This approach holds the potential to enhance students' motivation and ultimately foster more effective learning experiences in Chemistry

Effectiveness of the Use of the Internet as Supplementary Tool for Academic Learning: A Case Study of University Students

Muhammad Kaqbad Alam, Saba Afzal, Abdul Basit — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

Internet use has grown commonplace in traditional schooling settings, having an impact on our society's social and cultural fabric. The use of the internet has become tremendously prevalent around the world. The goal of this research study is to use the internet to look into students' academic progress. Universities have long experimented with different learning environments to meet the needs of their academics and students. The way we communicate, connect, and socialize has changed because of the use of the internet. This study carefully examines the effects of the use of the Internet in comparison to traditional learning methods. This study also examines the realities of online education. The information was empirically gathered for the reason of utilizing a survey containing a close-ended questionnaire. Three hundred and eighty-four male and female students from the University of Sargodha made up the study's sample size. The findings of this study's research imply that university students are quite familiar with the Internet. The perspective of internet use in instructional studies is aided by research findings. The results emphasize the value of online networking in higher education. In addition, it isproposed that online learning will help students' CGPA. Therefore, the majority of students believe that the Internet maysignificantly boost academic accomplishment among university students as well as academic learning

Role of Media in Pakistan’s Politics: Challenges and Way forward

Uroosa Ishfaq, Sumaira Gul, Kashif Ashfaq — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

Motivation behind this paper is current political situation and the role media is playing. Media and politics are interdependent for democracy. Media is, no doubt, considered as the 4th pillar of the state on account of its significant role. The four pillars of state: judiciary, legislature, executive and media must learn to live together while remaining in their respective domains for mutual coexistence. is article will explore the pivotal role of media in shaping Pakistan's political landscape. This study is qualitative in nature for which secondary data is collected and analyzed to find conclusion. This study identified the challenges faced by the media industry, such as censorship, political influence, and ethical dilemmas, which have implications for democratic processes. The article also discusses potential solutions and a way forward, emphasizing the need for a free and responsible media that can serve as a watchdog, promote transparency, and facilitate informed citizenry. Ultimately, it highlight the critical role media in Pakistan's politics and the necessity for reforms to ensure its continued positive impact on the nation's governance.

The Teachers’ Understanding Regarding the Impact of Parental Involvement in School Activities on Early Childhood Education in the Public Sector in Pakistan: An Exploratory Study

Dr. Zubair Ahmed Chachar, Imam Bux Buriro, Abdul Jalil Qureshi — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

One of the key factors in ensuring that children continue to learn and develop successfully is parents' engagement in their education as parents are the ones who know their children the best. However, in public sector schools in Sindh, Pakistan,teachers perceive a lack of parental attention and involvement in their children's academics. This study aims to identify and analyze teachers' perceptions of parental involvement, the frequency of such involvement, and its effects on early childhood education in public sector schools in Sindh, Pakistan. The present study is suitable for the improvement of learning and developing early childhood education, leading to improved results for children. 300 teachers were randomly selected as respondents using a simple sampling method in Hyderabad district Sindh. The research, employing a quantitative approach, utilizes a likert scale questionnaire from teachers and parents to gather data from a large sample, contributing to an in-depth understanding of the impact of parental engagement on childhood education. The results suggested, in accordance with teachers’ understanding that parents do not frequently involve in their children’s early childhood education. This low parental involvement causes the poor academic performance of their children in early childhood education at public sectors schools in Sindh Pakistan.

Status of Legal Rights of Third Gender in Karachi

Ali Raza Shah, Abdul Karim Suhag, Sayed Tanweer Ahmed — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

The study aims to analyze the status of legal rights of third gender community in the country. To do that, firstly constitutionof the country along with important case laws and the transgender - specific law are analyzed; secondly documentaryevidence is sought to analyze the actual status of rights of third gender in the country. The analysis of laws shows that thirdgender community, particularly after the enactment of the Transgender Person (Protection of Rights) Act 2018, are legallyentitled to a comprehensive set of rights like right to inherit, right to education, right to employment, right to vote et cetera.An exploratory qualitative research approach is followed with documents analysis and phenomenology method. To understand the causes of this gap interviews from general public were conducted by employing convenience – basedpurposive sampling. A ample of fourteen respondents belonging to different economic and educational backgrounds was randomly selected.Semi – structured interviews were conducted with the help of open – ended questionnaire. Thematic
analysis of interviews conducted provides four causes of third gender rights’ violation: People generally think that they are not real trans genders and are pretending to be ones to earn money, they are considered inferior and even disabled, they areconsidered bad and that interaction with them will have an adverse impact on their reputation and because their family does not support them. Therefore, there is dire need to take concrete and practical steps to mitigate the ubiquitous violation of the rights of third gender like providing educational and employment opportunities to transgender persons, improving the law,creating awareness through media and establishment of separate facilities like jails and hospitals for transgender community.

The Effects of Income of Foreign Workers on Families’ Consumption and Savings Pattern Behaviors in District Kech, Balochistan

Muhammad Saleem, Meer Jan, Riaz Ahmed — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

Employees’ remittances play a momentous role in influencing the consumption and savings behaviors of households in developing regions. International labor migration seems an ordinary action in the province of Balochistan due to the dearth of job opportunities. The primary aim of study is to scrutinize the effects of income of foreign workers on families’ consumption and savings pattern behaviors in District Kech, Balochistan. Moreover, the closed-ended questionnaire has been designed to collect primary data with the help of stratified random sampling. The size of respondents (family heads) is 200 for this study. The theoretical models were developed with the help of Keynesian consumption theory. Moreover, the technique of data analysis was ordered logistical regression and descriptive statistics to check the households’ behavior. The findings of the study show that the inflow of workers’ remittances affects the behavior pattern of households’ consumption and saving expenditures since the total monthly households’ consumption likely increases by 0.30 units when one unit increases in workers' remittances and monthly households’ savings likely increase 0.33 units if one unit increases in workers' remittances.The study suggest that the government should establish proper mechanisms for training these workers so that they will beable to avail better jobs with handsome salaries in international markets and also encourage the households to invest in localmarkets to improve the economic progress of the country.

Comparative Analysis of the Coverage by British and American Newspapers on Pakistan's Civil and Military Leadership during the Musharraf Regime

Dr. Shahzad Ali, Ahmer Safwan — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

Pakistan's military and civil leadership has continuously been influential in formulating and executing an array of national policies. The importance of mainstream print media cannot be ignored in the sphere of making public opinion about powerful institutions of civil and military leaders in the state. Therefore, the study has attempted to gauge civil and military leadership representation by four British and American mainstream newspapers (The Guardian, The Telegraph, The New York Times, and The Washington Post) during the nine-year dictatorship regime of General Perveiz Musharraf (1999–2008). Quantitative content analysis has been employed as a methodology for analyzing news stories, articles/features, andin 10 major categories, and 399 items were selected in 15 sub-categories through purpose sampling techniques in British and American newspapers related to the civil and military leadership of Pakistan. Findings have revealed that overall, anti-military leadership representation has been found more in the Musharraf era but the ratio of pro-military coverage has been calculated more as compared to pro-civilian coverage. The four leading newspapers have framed militaryestablishment positively in the case of the Lal-masjid (Red Mosque) operation while more negatively represented in the category of referendum/general elections. Based on commutative coverage of civil and military leadership, the overall impression of Pakistan has been found more unfavorable during the dictatorship regime of General Perveiz Musharraf in Western print media

Making Sense of Data Journalism: A Study from Pakistani Perspective

Dr. Taha Shabbir — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

In recent times, data journalism has brought about a change in our way of life, including the manner in which we communicate, the choices that we make, and the way that we sense the world around us. In the process of measuring anything, you are changing your essence. As a consequence of computational thinking, the conventional logic that exists within the media industry has been transformed. In addition to this, the sequential plot was improved upon even more. When we have access to knowledge, it makes it easier for us to comprehend, explain, and communicate the reality that we experience. In both the developed world and the developing world, there has been progress made in the field of data journalism. In Pakistan's perspective, there has been no action done in response to the situation. The issues that areassociated with the use or misuse of data, the talent that is necessary to do so, the platforms and technologies that are usedin data journalism and the future advancements in newsrooms are all key questions that need to be answered. In light of the growing significance of data as a basis for reporting and storytelling, it is of equal importance to discover solutions to the problems that have been identified. A reaction is provided in this article, which is written from the point of view of Pakistan. Before the concepts of Big Data and data journalism can be deemed conceptually advanced, the facts must first
be gathered, extracted, characterized, analyzed, and remarked upon.

Policy and Governance of Media Information Literacy at Secondary School Education in Pakistan

Dr Moazzam Naseer, Dr. Tahira Bibi, Dr. Safi Ullah — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

The rapid evolution of new media technologies globally presents a challenge for policymakers, regulatory bodies, and educators to adapt to the ever-changing landscape of emerging media across all disciplines. In response, states endeavor to enact measures and formulate policies aimed at preparing the younger generation for the complexities of navigating new media technologies at individual, societal, and global levels. Pakistan's National Education Policies are crafted with a forward-looking approach to meet the needs and requirements of the youth in the coming decade. However, the porous nature of these policies often results in a lack of trust in the curriculum being taught in public schools nationwide. While
curriculums and textbooks are aligned with the aims and objectives of the National Education Policy, their implementation through the country's four Provincial textbook and curriculum boards leaves room for disparity. This study aims to investigate how the vision of National Education Policies is translated into the curriculum, particularly regarding Media Information Literacy (MIL), as outlined in textbooks used in public secondary education. Through content analysis of 9th and 10th-grade textbooks, this research seeks to examine the presence of MIL education. Findings reveal that MIL aspects are predominantly present in English textbooks, highlighting a disparity between the perceived knowledge outlined in national education policies and the actual knowledge possessed by students in higher secondary schools. This underscores the urgent need for updating National Education Policies and textbooks to reflect the latest discussions and standards MIL education and ever-changing landscape of digital media and artificial intelligence ahead of our young generation

The Influence of Training and Development on Healthcare Employees Performance: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture

Ammara Amjad, Fouzia Rehman, M. Arsalan Hashmi — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 Pakistan Daylight Time

In Pakistan to meet the demand of today's healthcare landscape as per global standards, different hospitals and healthcare institutions are concentrating on maintaining their staff's education and offer variety of non-technical and technical training programs to their staff to enhance and appraise their performance. So, this cross-sectional quantitative study was designed to investigate the intricate relationship between employee performance and training & development within the healthcare organizations, whereas organization culture worked as a moderating variable in this study. The sample size of 95 healthcare professionals working in various hospitals was selected conveniently and 35-items questionnaire with
strong reliability for each variable was employed for data collection. The findings revealed that training & development programs positively impact on employee performance, while withinorganization culture only market-culture within the healthcare organization exhibited a positive relationship with employee performance. However, the regression analysis to explore the moderating effect of organization culture on training & development and employee performance, the results were not significant as organization culture might notdirectly moderate the training & development and employee performance relationship, revealed that training & development and organization culture (market-culture) independently impact on employee performance. This intricate interaction between training & development and market culture emerges as a positive impact that might enhanceemployees’ skills, performance, and adaptability.This study highlighted the importance of offering different tailored training & development programs within healthcare organizations whereas acknowledging the potential effect of market culture on employee performance. It was recommended that the culture should be developed according to the healthcare organizational objectives & patient-centric values and training & development programs must be developed on the current requirement for employees’ growth.